Constantine agreed, but once Licinius had become a private citizen, Constantine had him arrested and executed. Constantine was now free to shape the empire however he wanted.
There was much to be done. Violent religious disagreements — often the visible face of deeper social rifts — convulsed Roman society.
Constantine began by banning Christians from taking part in the pagan state religion — not that Christians wanted to, but the ban eased tensions over Christian non-participation.
Constantine wanted social harmony, and this meant enforcing religious harmony. He tried to establish conformity between the wildly different forms of contemporary Christian belief, notably by calling a council of bishops to the eastern city of Nicaea.
There the basic principles of Christianity were thrashed out in a statement known today as the Nicene Creed. This doctrine remains fundamental to Christian liturgies today.
He used this situation to his advantage; temples of the state religion were declared to be imperial property. For more than a millennium, gold and silver that would have otherwise circulated through the imperial economy had been slowly converted to dedicatory offerings by the pious and locked away in temple storerooms. Meanwhile, starved of coinage, imperial mints had churned out ever more debased currency, leading to rampant inflation. Constantine unsentimentally turned over these temple treasures to be minted into hard cash.
His main coin was the solidus , 4. There were 72 solidi to the Roman pound Libra and thereafter currency was measured in librae, solidi and denarii.
Constantine was very aware that the main threat to his life came from his own army. Over the previous century, more emperors had died in military coups than from any other cause. In fact, of recent emperors, only Constantius, Claudius Gothicus plague and Diocletian had died naturally. To maximise his chances of dying in bed, Constantine made several changes. Firstly, he slowed the trend of giving provincial governorships to non-senators. Instead he turned the process on its head, cleverly making senators of provincial governors, thus retaining capable subordinates but gaining a loyal senate.
However, Constantine kept senators from military command, as this might have proved too tempting for the overly ambitious. In military affairs, Constantine built upon the reforms of his predecessor Diocletian.
Even as a more flexible military style evolved to combat new and more sophisticated enemies, legionary armour became both lighter and simpler. The old Praetorian Guard had fought against him in Italy, so Constantine disbanded this unit. His army began the gradual separation into frontier guards limitanei and a field army of comitatensis with elite units called the palatini.
Mexico City 8, Kilometer. Beijing 8, Kilometer. Karachi 4, Kilometer. Tianjin 8, Kilometer. Guangzhou 8, Kilometer. Delhi 5, Kilometer. Moscow 3, Kilometer. Shenzhen 8, Kilometer. Dhaka 6, Kilometer. Seoul 9, Kilometer. Wuhan 8, Kilometer. Lagos 3, Kilometer. Jakarta 9, Kilometer. Tokyo 10, Kilometer. New York City 6, Kilometer. Dongguan 8, Kilometer. Taipei 9, Kilometer.
Kinshasa 4, Kilometer. Lima 8, Kilometer. Cairo 2, Kilometer. London 1, Kilometer. Chongqing 8, Kilometer. Constantine has suspension bridges, viaducts and cable-stayed bridges. Its long winding roads are packed with authentic life and have not been turned into a tourist attraction yet. While there, do try some Algerian street food and pop by the oldest flour mill of Constantine. A visit to Constantine would not be complete without checking the Emir Abdelkader mosque. At the moment, while the Grand Mosque of Algeria is being built which will be the biggest mosque inAfrica upon its completion , it is the biggest mosque of Algeria and was given as a gift from the previous president of the country and built in It is an extremely elaborate and lavish mosque, which incorporates multiple styles as well as stained-glass windows, and figures amongst the most impressive mosques in the world.
It is possible to visit it even for non-Muslims. When he is not blasting through the night on top of iron ore trains in Mauritania or fighting off iguanas in Socotra, he likes to discuss the revolutionary history of China or sing pop hits in an intolerable high-pitched voice. See author's posts. Constantine, Algeria. Constantine is part of every scheduled tour of Algeria done by YPT but it is also a must for any Independent Tour of the country!
About Post Author. Instagram YPT's Eurasia tour group standing on top of a gian. Churches began to punctuate the skyline; Christians were welcomed, and other faiths were generally tolerated. The ascendant Constantinople soon eclipsed Rome. By the time Constantine established his new capital in A. Roman emperor Septimius Severus destroyed the city in A. The city became a prosperous and important center of faith, power, trade, and architecture.
All rights reserved. Birth of Christianity. Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited. In this Byzantine mosaic, dating from the 9th century, the Virgin Mary and child are seated between the Emperors Justinian left and Constantine right.
Constantinople, the new Rome. Share Tweet Email. Read This Next Wild parakeets have taken a liking to London. Animals Wild Cities Wild parakeets have taken a liking to London Love them or hate them, there's no denying their growing numbers have added an explosion of color to the city's streets. India bets its energy future on solar—in ways both small and big. Environment Planet Possible India bets its energy future on solar—in ways both small and big Grassroots efforts are bringing solar panels to rural villages without electricity, while massive solar arrays are being built across the country.
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